Es gibt keine Forschung über Gesundheitsschäden durch WEA?
Und schon gar nicht wissenschaftlich überprüft?
Wieder ein Gegenbeispiel!
Zur Erinnerung
Originalartikel – STT 2014
https://stopthesethings.com/2014/12/17/21-peer-reviewed-articles-on-the-adverse-health-effects-of-wind-turbine-noise/
21 Peer Reviewed Articles on Health and Industrial Wind Turbines
nieuwerustnoisewatch.org
20 October 2014
Industrial Wind Turbines and Health: Wind Turbines Can Harm Humans if too Close to Residents.
Contrary to what the wind farm developers and the Environmental Impact Assessment noise and health ‘specialists’ of the Vredenburg WEF development (former IDP) would like us to believe, there are many up to date peer reviewed and published articles on adverse health effects related to industrial scale wind energy projects that are situated too close to our homes.
The following are just a few of the articles and are available at the Bulletin of Science Technology & Society. It is important that decision makers, environmental practitioners, noise and health specialists recognize the years of work and research that professionals in the health and engineering field have been doing related to industrial wind energy issues.
To continue to ignore these dedicated researchers and experts speaks to the ongoing negligence and lack of care and due diligence for wind farm neighbors in the world who are suffering.
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1) The Problems With ‘Noise Numbers’ for Wind Farm Noise Assessment
Bob Thorne, Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2011 31: 262, DOI: 10.1177/0270467611412557
Bio
Bob Thorne, MSc, PhD, is the principal consultant of Noise Measurement
Services Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia. He holds a PhD from Massey
University, New Zealand, in health science and is an environmental
health research associate in the Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human
Health at Massey University. His research work involves using advanced
specialized technology for intrusive noise assessment, and a specific
application is personalized sound reinforcement for hearing assistive
devices.
Abstract
Human perception responds primarily to sound character rather than sound
level. Wind farms are unique sound sources and exhibit special audible
and inaudible characteristics that can be described as modulating sound
or as a tonal complex. Wind farm compliance measures based on a
specified noise number alone will fail to address problems with noise
nuisance. The character of wind farm sound, noise emissions from wind
farms, noise prediction at residences, and systemic failures in
assessment processes are examined. Human perception of wind farm sound
is compared with noise assessment measures and complaint histories.
The adverse effects on health of persons susceptible to noise from wind farms are examined and a hypothesis, the concept of heightened noise zones (pressure variations), as a marker for cause and effect is advanced. A sound level of LAeq 32 dB outside a residence and above an individual’s threshold of hearing inside the home are identified as markers for serious adverse health effects affecting susceptible individuals.
The article is referenced to the author’s research, measurements, and observations at different wind farms in New Zealand and Victoria, Australia.
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2) Evaluating the impact of wind turbine noise on health related quality of life
by Daniel Shepherd, David McBride, David Welch, Kim N. Dirks, Erin M. Hill, Noise & Health, September-October 2011, 13:54,333-9, DOI: 10.4103/1463-1741.85502, www.noiseandhealth.org
Abstract
We report a cross-sectional study comparing the health-related quality
of life (HRQOL) of individuals residing in the proximity of a wind farm
to those residing in a demographically matched area sufficiently
displaced from wind turbines. The study employed a nonequivalent
comparison group posttest-only design. Self-administered questionnaires,
which included the brief version of the World Health Organization
quality of life scale, were delivered to residents in two adjacent areas
in semirural New Zealand.
Participants were also asked to identify annoying noises, indicate their degree of noise sensitivity, and rate amenity. Statistically significant differences were noted in some HRQOL domain scores, with residents living within 2 km of a turbine installation reporting lower overall quality of life, physical quality of life, and environmental quality of life. Those exposed to turbine noise also reported significantly lower sleep quality, and rated their environment as less restful. Our data suggest that wind farm noise can negatively impact facets of HRQOL.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to our colleagues and others whose reviews substantially
improved the manuscript. We are especially grateful for the thorough
review undertaken by Professor Rex Billington, who as the WHO Director
of Mental Health in the 1990s oversaw the development of the WHO’s
program into quality of life, health and the environment.
3) Mitigating the Acoustic Impacts of Modern Technologies: Acoustic, Health, and Psychosocial Factors: Informing Wind Farm Placement
Daniel Shepherd and Rex Billington, Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2011 31: 389, DOI: 10.1177/0270467611417841
Bio
Daniel Shepherd has a PhD in psychoacoustics and holds a lectureship at
the Faculty of Health, AUT University. As an environmental psychologist,
he researches the psychological response to noise from both individual
and social perspectives.
Bio
Dr. Rex Billington is a research health psychologist at AUT University
after 18 years with the World Health Organization including
directorships in Mental Health and the Global Program on AIDS.
Abstract
Wind turbine noise is annoying and has been linked to increased levels
of psychological distress, stress, difficulty falling asleep and sleep
interruption. For these reasons, there is a need for competently
designed noise standards to safeguard community health and well- being.
The authors identify key considerations for the development of wind turbine noise standards, which emphasize a more social and humanistic approach to the assessment of new energy technologies in society.
4) Public Health Ethics, Legitimacy, and the Challenges of Industrial Wind Turbines: The Case of Ontario, Canada
Martin Shain, Bulletin of Science Technology & Society, 2011 31: 256, DOI: 10.1177/0270467611412552
Bio
Martin Shain S.J.D. is trained in law and social sciences. He is
principal and founder of the Neighbour at Work Centre® and assistant
professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Occupational and
Environmental Health Division, University of Toronto.
Abstract
While industrial wind turbines (IWTs) clearly raise issues concerning
threats to the health of a few in contrast to claimed health benefits to
many, the trade-off has not been fully considered in a public health
framework. This article reviews public health ethics justifications for
the licensing and installation of IWTs. It concludes that the current
methods used by government to evaluate licensing applications for IWTs
do not meet most public health ethical criteria.
Furthermore, these methods are contrary to widely held fundamental principles of administrative law and governmental legitimacy. A set of decision-making principles are suggested to address this situation that are derived from existing and emerging legal principles in Canada and elsewhere. These include the Precautionary Principle, the Least Impactful Means (Proportionality) Test, and the Neighbor Principle.
5) Infrasound From Wind Turbines Could Affect Humans
Alec N. Salt and James A.Kaltenbach Infrasound , Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2011 31: 296, DOI: 10.1177/0270467611412555
Bio
Alec N. Salt received his PhD from the University of Birmingham, UK, in
1977 and has been actively involved in research into the physiology of
the ear for over 35 years.
Bio
James A. Kaltenbach received his PhD from the University of Pennsylvania
in 1984. He specializes in the neurobiology of hearing disorders and is
currently the Director of Otology Research at the Cleveland Clinic.
Abstract
Wind turbines generate low-frequency sounds that affect the ear. The ear
is superficially similar to a microphone, converting mechanical sound
waves into electrical signals, but does this by complex physiologic
processes. Serious misconceptions about low-frequency sound and the ear
have resulted from a failure to consider in detail how the ear works.
Although the cells that provide hearing are insensitive to infrasound,
other sensory cells in the ear are much more sensitive, which can be
demonstrated by electrical recordings. Responses to infrasound reach the
brain through pathways that do not involve conscious hearing but
instead may produce sensations of fullness, pressure or tinnitus, or
have no sensation. Activation of subconscious pathways by infrasound
could disturb sleep. Based on our current knowledge of how the ear
works, it is quite possible that low-frequency sounds at the levels
generated by wind turbines could affect those living nearby.
6) Responses of the ear to low frequency sounds, infrasound and wind turbines.
Alec N. Salt and T.E. Hullar, Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA, Hearing Research 2010 Sep 1; 268(1-2):12-21. Epub 2010 Jun 16
Abstract
Infrasonic sounds are generated internally in the body (by respiration,
heartbeat, coughing, etc) and by external sources, such as air
conditioning systems, inside vehicles, some industrial processes and,
now becoming increasingly prevalent, wind turbines. It is widely assumed
that infrasound presented at an amplitude below what is audible has no
influence on the ear.
In this review, we consider possible ways that low frequency sounds, at levels that may or may not be heard, could influence the function of the ear. The inner ear has elaborate mechanisms to attenuate low frequency sound components before they are transmitted to the brain.
The auditory portion of the ear, the cochlea, has two types of sensory cells, inner hair cells (IHC) and outer hair cells (OHC), of which the IHC are coupled to the afferent fibers that transmit “hearing” to the brain. The sensory stereocilia (“hairs”) on the IHC are “fluid coupled” to mechanical stimuli, so their responses depend on stimulus velocity and their sensitivity decreases as sound frequency is lowered. In contrast, the OHC are directly coupled to mechanical stimuli, so their input remains greater than for IHC at low frequencies.
At very low frequencies the OHC are stimulated by sounds at levels below those that are heard. Although the hair cells in other sensory structures such as the saccule may be tuned to infrasonic frequencies, auditory stimulus coupling to these structures is inefficient so that they are unlikely to be influenced by airborne infrasound. Structures that are involved in endolymph volume regulation are also known to be influenced by infrasound, but their sensitivity is also thought to be low. There are, however, abnormal states in which the ear becomes hypersensitive to infrasound. In most cases, the inner ear’s responses to infrasound can be considered normal, but they could be associated with unfamiliar sensations or subtle changes in physiology. This raises the possibility that exposure to the infrasound component of wind turbine noise could influence the physiology of the ear.
7) Occupational Health and Industrial Wind Turbines: A Case Study
Robert W. Rand, Stephen E. Ambrose, and Carmen M. E. Krogh, Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2011 31: 359DOI: 10.1177/0270467611417849
Bio
Robert W. Rand is a principal author with over 30 years of experience in
industrial noise control, environmental sound, and general acoustics. A
member of the Institute of Noise Control Engineering since 1993, he
runs a small business providing consulting, investigator, and design
services in acoustics.
Bio
Stephen E. Ambrose is a principal author with over 35 years of
experience in industrial noise control. A member of the Institute of
Noise Control Engineering since 1978, he runs a small business providing
cost-effective environmental noise consulting services for industrial
and commercial businesses, municipal and state governments, and private
citizens.
Bio
Carmen M. E. Krogh, BScPharm, who provided health-related research and
reference support, is a retired pharmacist with more than 40 years of
experience in health. She has held senior executive positions at a major
teaching hospital, a professional association, and Health Canada. She
was a former Director of Publications and Editor in Chief of the
Compendium of Pharmaceutical and Specialties (CPS), the book used in
Canada by physicians, nurses, and other health professions for
prescribing information on medication.
Abstract
Industrial wind turbines (IWTs) are being installed at a fast pace
globally. Researchers, medical practitioners, and media have reported
adverse health effects resulting from living in the environs of IWTs.
While there have been some anecdotal reports from technicians and other
workers who work in the environs of IWTs, little is known about the
occupational health sector. The purpose of this case study is to raise
awareness about the potential for adverse health effects occurring among
workers. The authors propose that there is a need for research
regarding occupational worker exposure relating to IWTs.
8) Properly Interpreting the Epidemiologic Evidence About the Health Effects of Industrial Wind Turbines on Nearby Residents
Carl V. Phillips, Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2011 31: 303, DOI: 10.1177/0270467611412554
Bio
Dr. Carl V. Phillips is a consultant and author specializing in
epidemiology, science- based policy making, and communicating scientific
concepts to the public. He spent most of his career as a professor of
public health and now works in litigation support, scientific advising,
and grant-supported research. He blogs at ep-ology.blogspot.com, which
provides links to his other writings.
Abstract
There is overwhelming evidence that wind turbines cause serious health
problems in nearby residents, usually stress-disorder type diseases, at a
nontrivial rate. The bulk of the evidence takes the form of thousands
of adverse event reports. There is also a small amount of systematically
gathered data. The adverse event reports provide compelling evidence of
the seriousness of the problems and of causation in this case because
of their volume, the ease of observing exposure and outcome incidence,
and case-crossover data.
Proponents of turbines have sought to deny these problems by making a collection of contradictory claims including that the evidence does not “count,” the outcomes are not “real” diseases, the outcomes are the victims’ own fault, and that acoustical models cannot explain why there are health problems so the problems must not exist. These claims appeared to have swayed many nonexpert observers, though they are easily debunked. Moreover, though the failure of models to explain the observed problems does not deny the problems, it does mean that we do not know what, other than kilometers of distance, could sufficiently mitigate the effects. There has been no policy analysis that justifies imposing these effects on local residents. The attempts to deny the evidence cannot be seen as honest scientific disagreement and represent either gross incompetence or intentional bias.
9) Toward a Case Definition of Adverse Health Effects in the Environs of Industrial Wind Turbines: Facilitating a Clinical Diagnosis
Robert Y. McMurtry, Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2011 31: 316, DOI: 10.1177/0270467611415075
Bio
Dr. Robert Y. McMurtry is the former Dean of Medicine for the University
of Western Ontario. He was a member of the Health Council of Canada for
31⁄2 years and a member and special advisor to the Royal Commission
under Roy Romanow on the future of health care in Canada. Dr. McMurtry
was a visiting Cameron Chair to Health Canada for providing policy
advice to the Minister and Deputy Minister of Health.
He was the Founding and Associate Deputy Minister of Population & Public Health, Canada. Dr. McMurtry also sat on the National Steering Committee on Climate Change and Health Assessment. Presently Dr. McMurtry is Professor (Emeritus) of Surgery, University of Western Ontario.
Abstract
Internationally, there are reports of adverse health effects (AHE) in
the environs of industrial wind turbines (IWT). There was
multidisciplinary confirmation of the key characteristics of the AHE at
the first international symposium on AHE/IWT. The symptoms being
reported are consistent internationally and are characterized by
crossover findings or a predictable appearance of signs and symptoms
present with exposure to IWT sound energy and amelioration when the
exposure ceases. There is also a revealed preference of victims to seek
restoration away from their homes.
This article identifies the need to create a case definition to establish a clinical diagnosis. A case definition is proposed that identifies the sine qua non diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of adverse health effects in the environs of industrial wind turbines. Possible, probable, and confirmed diagnoses are detailed. The goal is to foster the adoption of a common case definition that will facilitate future research efforts.
10) Low-frequency noise from large wind turbines
Henrik Møller and Christian Sejer Pedersen , Section of Acoustics, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7-B5, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark, Acoustical Society of America,[DOI: 10.1121/1.3543957] J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129 (6), June 2011 PACS number(s): 43.50.Rq, 43.28.Hr, 43.50.Cb, 43.50.Sr [ADP] Pages: 3727–3744
Abstract
As wind turbines get larger, worries have emerged that the turbine noise
would move down in frequency and that the low-frequency noise would
cause annoyance for the neighbors. The noise emission from 48 wind
turbines with nominal electric power up to 3.6 MW is analyzed and
discussed. The relative amount of low-frequency noise is higher for
large turbines (2.3– 3.6 MW) than for small turbines (␣ 2 MW), and the
difference is statistically significant.
The difference can also be expressed as a downward shift of the spectrum of approximately one- third of an octave. A further shift of similar size is suggested for future turbines in the 10- MW range. Due to the air absorption, the higher low-frequency content becomes even more pronounced, when sound pressure levels in relevant neighbor distances are considered. Even when A-weighted levels are considered, a substantial part of the noise is at low frequencies, and for several of the investigated large turbines, the one-third-octave band with the highest level is at or below 250 Hz. It is thus beyond any doubt that the low-frequency part of the spectrum plays an important role in the noise at the neighbors.
11) WindVOiCe, a Self-Reporting Survey: Adverse Health Effects, Industrial Wind Turbines, and the Need for Vigilance Monitoring
Carmen M.E. Krogh, Lorrie Gillis, Nicholas Kouwen, and Jeffery Aramini, Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2011 31: 334, DOI: 10.1177/0270467611412551
Bio
Carmen M. E. Krogh, BScPharm is a retired pharmacist with more than 40
years of experience in health. She has held senior executive positions
at a major teaching hospital, a professional association and Health
Canada. She was a former Director of Publications and Editor-in-chief of
the Compendium of Pharmaceutical and Specialties (CPS), the book used
in Canada by physicians, nurses and other health professions for
prescribing information on medication.
Bio
Ms Lorrie Gillis is the process administrator for the WindVOiCe health
survey. Ms Gillis volunteers her time and ensures the processes for
administering the protocols are maintained.
Bio
Dr. Nicholas Kouwen is a Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of
Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. He is a registered Professional
Engineer (Ontario) and a Fellow of the American Society of Civil
Engineers. His field of expertise is in hydraulic and hydrological
modelling and is currently involved in studies dealing with the impact
of climate change on water availability.
Bio
Dr. Jeff Aramini is a public health epidemiologist with expertise in the
investigation of health concerns using epidemiological principles. DVM
and M.Sc. from the University of Saskatchewan; Ph.D. from the University
of Guelph. Former senior epidemiologist with Health Canada/Public
Health Agency of Canada. Currently, President and CEO of an organization
that addresses public health, patient care, public safety and
information management for clients in government, industry and academia.
Abstract
Industrial wind turbines have been operating in many parts of the globe.
Anecdotal reports of perceived adverse health effects relating to
industrial wind turbines have been published in the media and on the
Internet. Based on these reports, indications were that some residents
perceived they were experiencing adverse health effects. The purpose of
the WindVOiCe health survey was to provide vigilance monitoring for
those wishing to report their perceived adverse health effects. This
article discusses the results of a self reporting health survey
regarding perceived adverse health effects associated with industrial
wind turbines.
12) Industrial Wind Turbine Development and Loss of Social Justice?
Carmen M.E. Krogh , Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2011 31: 321, DOI: 10.1177/0270467611412550
Bio
Carmen M. E. Krogh, BScPharm is a retired pharmacist with more than 40
years of experience in health. She has held senior executive positions
at a major teaching hospital, a professional association and Health
Canada. She was a former Director of Publications and Editor-in-chief of
the Compendium of Pharmaceutical and Specialties (CPS), the book used
in Canada by physicians, nurses and other health professions for
prescribing information on medication.
Abstract
This article explores the loss of social justice reported by individuals
living in the environs of industrial wind turbines (IWTs). References
indicate that some individuals residing in proximity to IWT facilities
experience adverse health effects. These adverse health effects are
severe enough that some families have abandoned their homes.
Individuals report they welcomed IWTs into their community and the negative consequences were unexpected. Expressions of grief are exacerbated by the emotional and physical toll of individuals’ symptoms, loss of enjoyment of homes and property, disturbed living conditions, financial loss, and the lack of society’s recognition of their situation.
The author has investigated the reported loss of social justice through a review of literature, personal interviews with, and communications from, those reporting adverse health effects. The author’s intention is to create awareness that loss of social justice is being associated with IWT development. This loss of justice arises from a number of factors, including the lack of fair process, the loss of rights, and associated disempowerment.
These societal themes require further investigation. Research by health professionals and social scientists is urgently needed to address the health and social impacts of IWTs operating near family homes.
13) Wind Turbines Make Waves: Why Some Residents Near Wind Turbines Become Ill
Magda Havas and David Colling, Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2011 31: 414. DOI: 0.1177/0270467611417852
Bio
Magda Havas, PhD, is an associate professor at Trent University where
she teaches and conducts research on the biological and health effects
of electromagnetic and chemical pollutants. She received her BSc and PhD
at the University of Toronto and did postdoctoral research at Cornell
University on acid rain and aluminum toxicity.
Bio
David Colling has applied his electrical engineering studies at Ryerson
Polytechnical Institute and his specialized training in electrical
pollution to conduct electrical pollution testing for Bio-Ag on farms,
homes, and office buildings. Some of the homes tested are located in the
environs of industrial wind turbines.
Abstract
People who live near wind turbines complain of symptoms that include
some combination of the following: difficulty sleeping, fatigue,
depression, irritability, aggressiveness, cognitive dysfunction, chest
pain/pressure, headaches, joint pain, skin irritations, nausea,
dizziness, tinnitus, and stress. These symptoms have been attributed to
the pressure (sound) waves that wind turbines generate in the form of
noise and infrasound. However, wind turbines also generate
electromagnetic waves in the form of poor power quality (dirty
electricity) and ground current, and these can adversely affect those
who are electrically hypersensitive. Indeed, the symptoms mentioned
above are consistent with electrohypersensitivity. Sensitivity to both
sound and electromagnetic waves differs among individuals and may
explain why not everyone in the same home experiences similar effects.
Ways to mitigate the adverse health effects of wind turbines are
presented.
14) Literature Reviews on Wind Turbines and Health : Are They Enough?
Brett Horner, Roy D. Jeffery and Carmen M. E. Krogh, Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2011 31: 399. DOI: 10.1177/0270467611421849
Bio
Brett Horner, BA, is a certified management accountant and has held
senior manager positions in international business consulting groups. He
has provided information technology consulting and accounting/auditing
services to a wide variety of clientele. He has dedicated over 2 years
reviewing and analyzing references on the subject of industrial wind
turbines and reported health effects.
Bio
Roy D. Jeffery, MD, is a rural family physician and a clinical preceptor
for the University of Ottawa and the Northern Ontario Medical Schools.
He practices rural medicine with special interests regarding geriatric
home care and rural health. He has the distinction of being awarded the
Ontario Family Physician of the Year–Northern Division in 2008.
Bio
Carmen M. E. Krogh, BSc Pharm, is a retired pharmacist with more than 40
years of experience in health. She has held senior executive positions
at a major teaching hospital, a professional association, and Health
Canada. She was a former director of Publications and editor-in-chief of
the Compendium of Pharmaceutical and Specialties, the book used in
Canada by physicians, nurses, and other health professions for
prescribing information on medication.
Abstract
Industrial wind turbines (IWTs) are a new source of community noise to
which relatively few people have yet been exposed. IWTs are being
erected at a rapid pace in proximity to human habitation. Some people
report experiencing adverse health effects as a result of living in the
environs of IWTs. In order to address public concerns and assess the
plausibility of reported adverse health effects, a number of literature
reviews have been commissioned by various organizations. This article
explores some of the recent literature reviews on IWTs and adverse
health effects. It considers the completeness, accuracy, and objectivity
of their contents and conclusions. While some of the literature reviews
provide a balanced assessment and draw reasonable scientific
conclusions, others should not be relied on to make informed decisions.
The article concludes that human health research is required to develop
authoritative guidelines for the siting of IWTs in order to protect the
health and welfare of exposed individuals.
15) Editorial Wind turbine noise
Christopher D Hanning and Alun Evans British Medical Journal, BMJ 2012;344d oi: 10.1136/ bmj.e1527 (8 March 2012)
Bio
Christopher Hanning, BSc, MB, BS, MRCS, LRCP, FRCA, MD is an honorary
consultant in sleep medicine Sleep Disorders Service, University
Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK Dr
Chris Hanning is Honorary Consultant in Sleep Disorders Medicine to the
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK. He retired in September
2007 as Consultant in Sleep Disorders Medicine.
After initial training in anaesthesia, he developed an interest in Sleep Medicine. He founded and ran the Leicester Sleep Disorders Service, one of the longest standing and largest services in the UK. He was a founder member and President of the British Sleep Society
His expertise in this field has been accepted by the civil, criminal and family courts. He chairs the Advisory panel of the SOMNIA study, a major project investigating sleep quality in the elderly, and sits on Advisory panels for several companies with interests in sleep medicine.
Bio
Alun Evans, is an epidemiologist, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s
University of Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science B, Belfast, UK
Excerpt from BMJ web site:
Seems to affect health adversely and an independent review of evidence is needed.
The evidence for adequate sleep as a prerequisite for human health, particularly child health, is overwhelming. Governments have recently paid much attention to the effects of environmental noise on sleep duration and quality, and to how to reduce such noise. However, governments have also imposed noise from industrial wind turbines on large swathes of peaceful countryside.
The impact of road, rail, and aircraft noise on sleep and daytime functioning (sleepiness and cognitive function) is well established. Shortly after wind turbines began to be erected close to housing, complaints emerged of adverse effects on health. Sleep disturbance was the main complaint. Such reports have been dismissed as being subjective and anecdotal, but experts contend that the quantity, consistency, and ubiquity of the complaints constitute epidemiological evidence of a strong link between wind turbine noise, ill health, and disruption of sleep.
16) Wind Turbine Noise
John P. Harrison, Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2011 31: 256, DOI: 10.1177/0270467611412549
Bio
Dr. John P. Harrison has expertise in the properties of matter at low
temperatures with emphasis on high frequency sound waves (phonons). For
the past 5 years he has studied wind turbine noise and its regulation.
He has presented invited talks on the subject at 3 conferences,
including the 2008 World Wind Energy Conference.
Abstract
Following an introduction to noise and noise regulation of wind
turbines, the problem of adverse health effects of turbine noise is
discussed. This is attributed to the characteristics of turbine noise
and deficiencies in the regulation of this noise. Both onshore and
offshore wind farms are discussed.
17) The Noise from Wind Turbines: Potential Adverse Impacts on Children’s Well-Being
Arline L. Bronzaft Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2011 31: 256, DOI: 10.1177/0270467611412548
Bio
Dr. Arline L. Bronzaft is a Professor Emerita of Lehman College, City
University of New York. She serves on the Mayor’s Grow NYC, having been
named to this organization by three previous Mayors as well. Dr.
Bronzaft is the author of landmark research on the effects of elevated
train noise on children’s classroom learning; has examined the impacts
of airport-related noise on quality of life; and has published articles
on noise in environmental books, academic journals and the more popular
press. In 2007, she assisted in the updating of the New York City Noise
Code.
Abstract
Research linking loud sounds to hearing loss in youngsters is now
widespread, resulting in the issuance of warnings to protect children’s
hearing. However, studies attesting to the adverse effects of intrusive
sounds and noise on children’s overall mental and physical health and
well-being have not received similar attention. This, despite the fact
that many studies have demonstrated that intrusive noises such as those
from passing road traffic, nearby rail systems, and overhead aircraft
can adversely affect children’s cardiovascular system, memory, language
development, and learning acquisition.
While some schools in the United States have received funds to abate intrusive aircraft noise, for example, many schools still expose children to noises from passing traffic and overhead aircraft. Discussion focuses on the harmful effects of noise on children, what has to be done to remedy the situation, and the need for action to lessen the impacts of noise from all sources. Furthermore, based on our knowledge of the harmful effects of noise on children’s health and the growing body of evidence to suggest the potential harmful effects of industrial wind turbine noise, it is strongly urged that further studies be conducted on the impacts of industrial wind turbines on their health, as well as the health of their parents, before forging ahead in siting industrial wind turbines.
1 Excerpted from Case Nos.: 10-121/10-122 Erickson v. Director, Ministry of the Environment Environmental Review Tribunal, Decision, p 207 “This case has successfully shown that the debate should not be simplified to one about whether wind turbines can cause harm to humans. The evidence presented to the Tribunal demonstrates that they can, if facilities are placed too close to residents. The debate has now evolved to one of degree.” 2 Summary focuses on the evidence regarding risk to health: summaries from published literature 2010 to March 2012
18) Wind Turbine Noise, Sleep and Health
Response to:
The Northumberland County Council Core Issues and Options Report
Consultations Dr Christopher Hanning BSc, MB, BS, MRCS, LRCP, FRCA, MD
On behalf of the Northumberland & Newcastle Society, July 2012
Bio
My name is Dr Christopher Hanning, Honorary Consultant in Sleep
Disorders Medicine to the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust,
based at Leicester General Hospital, having retired in September 2007 as
Consultant in Sleep Disorders Medicine. In 1969, I obtained a First
class Honours BSc in Physiology and, in 1972, qualified in medicine, MB,
BS, MRCS, LRCP from St Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical School. After
initial training in anaesthesia, I became a Fellow of the Royal College
of Anaesthetists by examination in 1976 and was awarded a doctorate from
the University of Leicester in 1996. I was appointed Senior Lecturer in
Anaesthesia and Honorary Consultant Anaesthetist to Leicester General
Hospital in 1981. In 1996, I was appointed Consultant Anaesthetist with a
special interest in Sleep Medicine to Leicester General Hospital and
Honorary Senior Lecturer to the University of Leicester.
Abstract
There can be no reasonable doubt that industrial wind turbines whether
singly or in groups (“wind farms”) generate sufficient noise to disturb
the sleep and impair the health of those living nearby and this is now
widely accepted. A recently published peer reviewed editorial in the
British Medical Journal states: “A large body of evidence now exists to
suggest that wind turbines disturb sleep and impair health at distances
and external noise levels that are permitted in most jurisdictions,
including the United Kingdom.” “When seeking to generate renewable
energy through wind, governments must ensure that the public will not
suffer harm from additional ambient noise”. An Ontario Environmental
Review Tribunal heard evidence from over 20 expert witnesses (including
the author) in 2011 and concluded “… the debate should not be simplified
to one about whether wind turbines can cause harm to humans. The
evidence presented to the Tribunal demonstrates that they can, if
facilities are placed too close to residents. The debate has now evolved
to one of degree.” In reviewing potential health impacts of sustainable
energy sources, three leading members of the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, part of the US National Institutes of
Health, state: “Wind energy will undoubtedly create noise, which
increases stress, which in turn increases the risk of cardiovascular
disease and cancer.” Section 5.1.1 of the draft New Zealand standard on
wind farm noise, 2009, states: “Limits for wind farm noise are required
to provide protection against sleep disturbance and maintain reasonable
residential amenity.” ETSU-R-97 is predicated in part on earlier WHO
guidelines and was intended to avoid sleep disturbance. As will be
demonstrated, the ETSU-R-97 night time limits were set too high to
prevent sleep disturbance. Reports from many different locations and
different countries have a common set of symptoms and have been
documented by Frey and Hadden (2012). New cases are documented regularly
on the Internet. The symptoms include sleep disturbance, fatigue,
headaches, dizziness, nausea, changes in mood and inability to
concentrate and have been named “wind turbine syndrome” by Dr Nina
Pierpont (2009). The experiences of the Davis (2008) family from
Lincolnshire whose homes were around 900m from wind turbines make
salutary reading. The noise, sleep disturbance and ill health eventually
drove them from their homes. The Davises subsequently took the
developers and land owners to the High Court. An out of court settlement
was reached before judgement had been made. Similar stories have been
reported from around the world, usually in anecdotal form but in
considerable numbers.
19) Effects of industrial wind turbine noise on sleep and health
Michael A. Nissenbaum, Jeffery J. Aramini1, Christopher D. Hanning2
Bio
Northern Maine Medical Center, Fort Kent, Maine, USA, 1Intelligent
Health Solutions, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, University Hospitals of
Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
Abstract
Industrial wind turbines (IWTs) are a new source of noise in previously
quiet rural environments. Environmental noise is a public health
concern, of which sleep disruption is a major factor. To compare sleep
and general health outcomes between participants living close to IWTs
and those living further away from them, participants living between 375
and 1400 m and 3.3 and 6.6 km from IWTs were enrolled in a stratified
cross-sectional study involving two rural sites. Validated
questionnaires were used to collect information on sleep quality,
daytime sleepiness, and general health, together with psychiatric
disorders, attitude, and demographics. Descriptive and multivariate
analyses were performed to investigate the effect of the main exposure
variable of interest on various health outcome measures. Participants
living within 1.4 km of an IWT had worse sleep, were sleepier during the
day, and had worse SF36 Mental Component Scores compared to those
living further than 1.4 km away. Significant dose-response relationships
between PSQI, ESS, SF36 Mental Component Score, and log-distance to the
nearest IWT were identified after controlling for gender, age, and
household clustering. The adverse event reports of sleep disturbance and
ill health by those living close to IWTs are supported.
20) Adverse health effects of industrial wind turbines
Published:
Canadian Family Physician (CFP), a peer-reviewed medical journal, is
the official publication of the College of Family Physicians of Canada
PMC US National Library of Medicine – National Institutes of Health.
Bio
Roy D. Jeffery, MD FCFPFamily physician in the Northeastern Manitoulin
Family Health Team in Little Current, Ont.Carmen KroghRetired pharmacist
and a former Editor-in-Chief of the Compendium of Pharmaceutical
Specialties.Brett Horner, CMACertified Management Accountant.
Abstract
Canadian family physicians can expect to see increasing numbers of rural
patients reporting adverse effects from exposure to industrial wind
turbines (IWTs). People who live or work in close proximity to IWTs have
experienced symptoms that include decreased quality of life, annoyance,
stress, sleep disturbance, headache, anxiety, depression, and cognitive
dysfunction. Some have also felt anger, grief, or a sense of injustice.
Suggested causes of symptoms include a combination of wind turbine
noise, infrasound, dirty electricity, ground current, and shadow
flicker.1 Family physicians should be aware that patients reporting
adverse effects from IWTs might experience symptoms that are intense and
pervasive and might feel further victimized by a lack of caregiver
understanding.
21) Industrial wind turbines and adverse health effects
by Roy Jeffrey MD, Carmen Krogh and Brett Horner has been published in the Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine Can J Rural Med 2014;19(1). This peer reviewed journal is a publication of the Canadian Medical Association.
The conclusion states:
“Based on current knowledge, we expect that, at typical setback distances and sound pressure levels of IWTs in Ontario, a nontrivial percentage of exposed people will be ad – versely affected. “Trade-offs” of health for perceived benefit in alternate forms of energy can be prevented if setback distances and noise limits are developed using established noise management techniques. In addition to providing care for affected patients, rural physicians have a responsibility to advance understanding and to help inform IWT regulations that will protect the physical, mental and social well-being of patients.”